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Cancer Genetics Screening Program
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What is gene testing?Gene testing is a method of analyzing a person’s DNA to look for mutations (changes in the DNA) that may be responsible for disease development.
- Gene testing may be used to confirm the presence of a specific inherited condition in a person displaying symptoms. This is called a diagnostic test.
- Gene testing may also be used to help determine a person’s risk for developing a specific condition before symptoms are present. This is called a screening test.
This information may then assist in providing appropriate treatment and health management for the condition, assist in family planning decisions, and/or aid in dealing with emotions related to the inherited condition.
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What is involved in a genetic test?A genetic test usually involves taking a blood or saliva sample or obtaining a tissue sample, depending on the type of test ordered. The sample is sent to specialized laboratories throughout the country (and possibly the world) for analysis. The results of the test are sent to the ordering physician or specialist, who then discusses them with the patient. The length of time for this process varies with the type of testing ordered.
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How can someone decide whether to have a gene test?The results of a gene test can provide information that a person may or may not wish to know. It is important to consider not only how this information will affect a person’s health care, but also how the information could impact the person emotionally. As this is a very personal decision, it should be voluntary and done only if the person wants that information available to them. A thorough discussion with a genetic counselor may aid in the decision-making process.
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What is the role of a genetic counselor?Genetic counselors are health professionals who have specialized degrees and experience in the areas of medical genetics and counseling. As part of the healthcare team, genetic counselors have a variety of roles. They identify individuals/families at increased risk for inherited conditions, provide information about the inherited condition, discuss and/or arrange genetic testing (when appropriate), discuss available options for management of the inherited condition and provide appropriate support resources for family members.
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Why should I see a genetic counselor before undergoing genetic testing?Genetic counselors educate patients so that the benefits, risks and limitations associated with genetic testing are understood before beginning any genetic test. This enables patients to make an informed decision about whether genetic testing is appropriate for them.
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What is the relationship between genes and cancer?Certain genes are responsible for ensuring that cell growth and division occurs in a regulated manner. If one of these genes is mutated, the cell can grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer.
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I had breast cancer. Did my physician test me for the breast cancer gene?No. Your physician should obtain your signed consent before doing a BRCA test. There are many aspects of genetic testing to consider before beginning the testing process, and it is recommended that patients talk to a specialist, such as a genetic counselor, for a detailed discussion of this information.
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What does genetic testing cost, and is it covered by health insurance?Genetic tests generally cost in the range of hundreds to thousands of dollars. Many insurance companies will cover the requested genetic test if it is medically appropriate. However, it is always a good idea to check with your health insurance company before having a genetic test, as insurance companies vary. A genetic counselor may be of help in this process.
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Can health insurance companies use the results of a genetic test as a pre-existing condition?Federal and state laws prohibit health insurers from discriminating based on genetic information in most situations. State laws vary, and a genetic counselor can provide more information about the laws in your area.
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Last Review Date: May 17, 2013 Online Editor(s): Shannon Krause |
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